Using Ultra Long Period Cepheids to Extend the Cosmic Distance Ladder to 100 Mpc and Beyond

We examine the properties of 18 long period (80 − 210 days) and very luminous (median absolute magnitude of MI = −7.86 and MV = −6.97) Cepheids to see if they can serve as an useful distance indicator. We find that these Ultra Long Period (ULP) Cepheids have a relatively shallow Period-Luminosity (PL) relation, so in fact they are more “standard candle”-like than classical Cepheids. In the reddening-free Wesenheit index, the slope of the ULP PL relation is consistent with zero. The scatter of our sample about the WI PL relation is 0.23 mag, approaching that of classical Cepheids and Type Ia Supernovae. We expect this scatter to decrease as bigger and more uniform samples of ULP Cepheids are obtained. We also measure a non-zero period derivative for one ULP Cepheid (SMC HV829) and use the result to probe evolutionary models and mass loss of massive stars. ULP Cepheids main advantage over classical Cepheids is that they are more luminous, and as such show great potential as stellar distance indicators to galaxies up to 100 Mpc and beyond. Subject headings: Cepheids — stars: distances — stars: mass loss — distance scale